土地经营权的权利属性探析——兼评新修订《农村土地承包法》的相关规定

On the Right Attribute of Land Management Right: with Comments on the Relevant Provisions of the New Amendment of the Rural Land Contract Law

土地经营权是承包地"三权分置"政策中提出的概念,新修订的《农村土地承包法》将其法定化,但未明确其权利属性是物权、债权或者物权化债权。土地经营权的债权说、物权化债权说在解释论视角下无法全面实现"三权分置"政策的预设功能,用益物权说可弥补二者的不足,因而具有理论优势。土地经营权应定性为不动产用益物权,以出租等方式产生的债权性农地利用权不属于土地经营权。借助于民法典物权编立法之机,应当明确土地经营权的用益物权属性。

Land management right is a concept put forward in the policy of 'separation of three rights' of contracted land. The newly revised Rural Land Contract Law has legalized it, but it does not clarify whether its right attribute is real right, creditor′s right or real right creditor′s right. Both the proposition of its creditor′s right attribute and of its creditor′s right with real right attribute, cannot fully realize the presupposed function of the policy of 'separation of three rights' under the approach of legal interpretative theory. While the proposition of its real right attribute can make up the deficiencies of the other two propositions and correspondingly has theoretical advantages. The right of land management should be defined as the usufruct of real estate. The creditor′s right of agricultural land use generated by leasing is not the right of land management. With the opportunity of legislation of real right compilation in the Civil Code, we should clarify the attribute of right to manage land is usufructuary right.