听雨诗探论

A Study on the Poems of Listening to the Rain

"听雨"是中国古代的文人雅事。在历代诗人的反复吟咏中,"听雨诗"发展成为一个独特的类型。中国古典诗词对听雨的书写,有一个绵长的传统,最早可追溯至《诗经》时代。听雨诗之所以能够成为一个类型,不仅是因为写到听雨的诗词数量多,更是因为它形成了一套独特的书写模式。这个模式包括选择特定的意象,如芭蕉、荷叶、梧桐、台阶、屋檐、船篷等;也包括表达特定的主题和情感,如夜长不寐、羁旅思乡。至宋代,听雨诗更多地表现文人的闲适心态与书斋趣味,而元代以后大量出现的"听雨图""听雨图题诗"表明"听雨"已经成为一个文化符号。

In ancient China, listening to the rain was what the literati and scholars enjoyed doing. There were many poems about this and these poems formed a unique writing mode. Chinese classical poems and Ci-poems on listening to the rain have a long history and can be traced to the period when The Book of Songs appeared. The reasons that the poems about listening to the rain can be a type are due to the great number of such poems and its unique writing mode. This mode presents some specially chosen images, such as plantain, lotus leaf, Chinese parasol steps, eaves, and boat canopy, conveys the special themes and emotions such as sleeplessness and homesickness. In the Song Dynasty, this kind of poems mainly demonstrated the scholars′ leisurely mood and study interest. After the Yuan Dynasty, the great number of paintings about listening to the rain and of poems on them indicated that listening to the rain already became a cultural symbol.