西藏经济市场化进程中的劳动力流动

Labor Migration in Marketization Process in Tibet

在市场导向的中国经济体制改革中,西藏自治区的公共服务供给和经济扩张所需要的资金虽然大部分仍来自中央和内地省(市)政府的援助,然而由于政府施政方式的转变以及企业和个人决策空间的扩大,政府投资带动的经济活动已经渗入了市场机制运行的因素。在这一背景下,密集的援藏投资不仅带动了西藏和周边地区的经济增长,而且为区内外农村青壮年劳动力创造了新的就业机会、多样化的收入来源和实现社会流动的可能性。外来劳动力在异地寻求生存和发展机会方面所表现出来的主动性和创造性,对本地农牧民学习现代市场经济知识和掌握非农生产技能,对本地企业家的成长,具有积极的示范和推动作用。

Currently, the funds for public goods provision and economic development in Tibetan Autonomous Region are largely transferred from the central government and other provinces/cities, as it was the case prior to the market-oriented economic reforms in China. However, because of the changes in the way of the government functioning and the expansion of the decision-making power of the enterprises and individuals, market mechanisms began to play increasing roles in the economic activities driven by the government investment. Under this background, the intensive investment in the form of regional development aid effectively promoted economic growth in both Tibet and its neighboring areas. Moreover, such investment created opportunities for employment, diversified income sources and enabled social mobility for the rural youth within and outside Tibet. The initiative and endeavor that the seasonal migrating labor has shown in searching for jobs and business opportunities have a demonstration effect on the development of the indigenous entrepreneurs. It has also promoted the indigenous labor to learn economic knowledge and master non-agriculture skills in a modern market economy.