论苏联教育理论对中国教育的影响

Influence of Soviet Union's Educational Theory on Chinese Education

学习苏联教育经验曾经是新中国成立初期的教育方针,对我国教育有着深远的影响。苏联教育经验在中国的传播主要表现为:翻译苏联教育的理论著作和教材,邀请苏联专家担任教育部顾问、学校的顾问和教师,按照苏联的教育模式建立新型学校,派遣留学生到苏联学习,等等。苏联教育理论认为教育是上层建筑的一部分,强调教育的阶级性和党性原则,重视教育、教学、教养在共产主义教育中的作用,重视系统知识的传授,强调教师的主导作用,等等。苏联教育的基本观念、教育制度、教学模式以至教学方法被全盘接受,完成了本土化,而且有所发展,并未因为来自左的方面的批判而有所改变。中国现在的教育传统,除了继承了中国传统的内核外.还融入了苏联教育的传统。

Learning the educational experience from the Soviet Union used to be the educational principle during the early period of PR China, which threw a great influence on the tatter's education. The dissemination of the Soviet Union's education was manifested in translation of the Soviet theoretical works and text books, inviting Soviet educational experts as the advisors to China's educational ministry and colleges, and as teaching staff, establishment of the new-styled educational institutions, and sending students to the Soviet Union, etc. According to the Soviet educational theory, education is a part of the higher-stratum construction, emphasizing the principle of working class and communist party and the significance of education, pedagogy and cultivation in communist indoctrination, paying more attention to the teaching of systematic knowledge and the leading role of the instructors, etc. The basic ideas, systems and teaching modes were adopted and even developed by China albeit were criticized between the late 1950s and 1960s. The educational tradition in today's China contains the elements of the Soviet Union's educational tradition apart from that of ancient China.