身分认同与中苏关系的演变

Identity and the Evolution of Sino-Russian Relationship

建国以来,中苏关系经历了一个比较明显的演变过程:从友好合作到敌对冲突,再到关系正常化。对于这一演变的原因,传统的分析存在着缺陷和不足。建构主义是新近崛起的国际关系理论流派,它强调国家之间在"认知———实践"上的差异,认为国家的身分认同界定了国家的利益,从而对国家行为产生决定性影响,而身分认同又是国家之间在国内和国际两个层次通过互动的实践建构出来的。通过这一新的理论视角,可以发现,中苏关系的演变与双方身分认同从"朋友"到"敌人"再到"伙伴"的转变是相一致的。

Since the foundation of the People' s Republic of China in 1949, the Sino- Russian relationship has experienced comparatively evident changes: from friendly cooperation to hostile conflict, and again to normal state. Traditional analyses on the causes of the changes have important defects and deficiencies. Constructivism is a newly-set up school of international relationship theory. It emphasizes the differences of the 'identity-practice' between countries, which states that the country's identity defines its interests and has dominant influence on its acts. At the same time the identity is constructed through mutual practice among countries both on national and international levels. From this new theoretical perspective, the evolution of Sino-Russian relationship can be found to be consistent with the changes of their identity from 'friend' to 'enemy' to 'partner'.