论休谟知识和道德的关系及其历史影响

On Hume's discussion of the Relation between Knowledge and Morality and Its Historical Meaning

休谟认为,道德与知识的真假是有本质区别的。因为道德的核心道德感不能从两类知识中的任何一类而来,也不在于知识及对象之间的关系,而源于人的意志和情感。休谟用同情来架起知识和道德之间的桥梁无疑是失败的。这导致了后世哲学家们关于知识和道德之间关系形成截然不同的两派。康德的思想表明了只有从形而上学的整体论出发才能克服休谟基于原子主义基础上的知识和道德的二分对立错误。

In Hume's view that there is essential distinction between knowledge and morality. Because the kernel of morality is moral feelings which can't stem from any of two kinds of knowledge and can't find out in the relation of knowledge objects, but stem from will and passions of Human Beings. It's failure that Hume bridges the gaps between knowledge and morality by sympathy which leads to two different school about the relation of knowledge and morality after him. The idea of Kant indicates that only from metaphysics-holism can we overcome Hume's dichotomy which bases on atomism.