比较优势、规模经济与城市竞争力的理论分析

A Theoretical Analysis of Comparative Advantage, Scale Economy and Urban Competitiveness

国内外学者在对城市竞争力的研究中,往往侧重城市竞争力的测算和排名,缺乏对城市竞争力形成的原因进行深度的理论分析,本文主要借用国际贸易中的比较优势理论和规模经济理论来分析城市竞争力形成的原因。文章指出,外部规模经济是形成城市竞争力的关键因素,产业集群是外部规模经济的表现形式,并用新古典经济学、新制度经济学、新增长理论和产业组织理论对外部规模经济形成竞争优势的原因展开理论分析。最后,文章以深圳为例进一步说明在开放和创新基础上形成的外部规模经济是产生强大城市竞争力的根本原因,培植关键产业的城市集群是提升城市未来竞争力的政策取向。

Among the studies on urban competitiveness by domestic and international scholars, particular emphasis is always laid on the calculation and the rank of urban competitiveness, lacking in the profound theoretical analyses on the causes of urban competitiveness. This article primarily analyzes the sources of urban competitiveness by means of comparative advantage theory and scale economic theory of international trade. In the article, the author points out that the outside large-scale economy, which takes collective group of Industry as its presentation, is the key factor of the formation of urban competitiveness. And with new classical economics, new systematic economics, new growth theory and industrial organization theory, the causes of comparative advantage formed by external scale economy are analyzed theoretically. Finally, the author of the article takes Shenzhen as an example to further illustrate that external scale economy based on opening and innovation is the underlying reason of powerful urban competitiveness, and that the development of urban conglomerations of the key industries is the policy orientation of promoting future urban competitiveness.