19世纪末-20世纪初欧洲煤炭市场整合与俄国煤炭进口

On the Integration of European Coal Market and Russian Import of Coal between the end of the 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20 Century

研究俄国革命前能源结构的特点有助于揭示其在世界工业发展史中的地位。所研究时期俄国燃料结构仍然以石油、煤炭、木材、木炭和泥炭同时并存,煤炭产量虽不断增长,但远不能满足于自身消费需求,不得不依靠进口,俄国的煤炭市场与欧洲的煤炭市场联系密切;国家通过关税限制煤炭进口措施得失兼有;导致国内煤炭市场供求失衡;在关税保护伞下的俄国煤炭工业的发展尚显稚嫩。

Studies of the features of energy structure prior to Russain Revolution is conducive to the understanding of its status in the history of world industrial development. At the time of study, Russian fuel structure was still a combination of petroleum, coal, timber, charcoal and peat at the same time. Though the production of coal was on the increase, it by far could not satisfy the consumption needs and it had to depend on import, thus linking closely the Russian and European coal markets. The country adopted tariff restrictions to limit coal imports, which had its merits and demerits leading to im-balanced supply and demand of its domestic coal market. Under tariff protections, the development of Russian coal industry is now young and weak.