试析清代土尔扈特蒙古回归祖国的原因

On the Causes of Turehot Mongolian Reverting to the Sovereignty of Motherland in the Qing Dynasty

本文在分析清人及现代学者对土尔扈特人回归祖国的原因的错误认识后,认为导致土尔扈特人回归的原因主要有四个方面:即土尔扈特与厄鲁特其余诸部的联系是土尔扈特人回归祖国的一个主要原因;共同信仰的藏传佛教起到了桥梁和纽带的作用;清政府对土尔扈特蒙古的关怀与施恩是促使土尔扈特人东归的决定性原因;沙皇俄国对土尔扈特的欺凌与压迫是促使土尔扈特人回归的直接原因。而清王朝在其回归后所实行的安置措施是与前期政策一脉相承的,充分体现了"因俗而治"的民族政策特色。

In the paper,after analysing Qing and modern scholars' misunderstanding of the causes of Turehot Mongolian reverting to the sovereignty of motherland, the author thinks that there are 4 main reasons.The first one is that the Turehot didn't stop contacting to other Gehut tribes.Then, the Tibetan Buddhism they commonly believe in plays the role of a bridge.And the decisire reason is that the Qing government bestowed a favor on the Turehot.Besides, the insulting and pressure from Tsar is the direct reason.Moreover, the accommodated measure that Qing government carried on after their return can be treated to the same origin of pre-policy and fully represents the ethnic policy of 'government by custom'.