大共同体本位?小共同体本位?——中国农村基层组织性质探析

An Exploration of the Primary Rural Organizations in China

“大共同体本位”和“小共同体本位”是当前概括中国农村基层组织性质的两大基本观点。然而在解释当代中国农村社会组织建构时都陷入了困境之中。研究农村基层组织必须关注国家与地方相互关系的变化 (互构与博弈 )。这样有利于研究村落外部国家政权对村落社会组织结构的影响 ,同时从家与村的结合原理研究村落内部农民生活价值秩序和村落内发发展的动力机制 ,最终达至寻求影响乡村社会结构变迁的基本动因的规范性解释和当代中国农村组织建构的合理性原则之目的。

The “Great Community Standard” and “Small Community Standard”, the two representative viewpoints in the study of the social character of Chinese rural society today, are not satisfactory. Actually the changes in the state and local interrelations should be taken into account in the study of the primary rural society. In this way one could better analyze both the influences of state regime on the structure of village community, and the dynamic mechanism of the inner development of the villages, reaching finally a normative interpretation of the basic causes affecting the changing of the rural social structure and of the rationality principle concerning the establishment of the contemporary Chinese rural society.