20世纪30年代中前期南京国民政府对地方自治政策的调整

Readjustment of Local Autonomy by Nanjing National Government During the 1930's

针对20年代末30年代初全面推行地方自治出现的弊病,南京国民政府于30年代中前期相应地对地方自治进程作了富有弹性的规定,将保甲制度纳入地方自治之中并大力推行县政改革。保甲纳于自治,国民政府似乎从事实上避免了在基层推行两套政治制度的矛盾冲突,在形式上又给传统的旨在加强基层社会控制的保甲制度披上民主自治的外衣,看似一种完美的制度创新,实则使地方自治开始实行初期的一些民主自治思想遭到极大损害,更加败坏了自治名声。由于民众对推行保甲出于被动而非主动,以从上而下的保甲制度来培植从下到上的地方自治不仅未能走出"以官治求自治"的老路,反而越走越远。同时,保甲本身也无多大成效。

In connection with the malpractice in implementing local autonomy by the end ofthe 1920's and the beginning of the 1930's, the Nanjing National Government correspondently regulates its progress, includes the baojia system into the localautonomy and carries out county governance reform. To include the baojia systeminto the local autonomy seems a perfect system innovation in that the nationalgovernment avoids contradiction and conflict in carrying out two political systems at grassroot level in reality, and in form makes the baojia system look democratic and autonomic, which is traditionally to enforce control of grassroot society. Actually, some democratic and autonomic ideas of the early stage of theautonomy are undermined and the reputation of the autonomy is debased.