合并与分离:刑事附带民事诉讼制度的反思与重构

Joinder and Separation: Reflection and Reconstruction of the System of Civil Suit Collateral to Criminal Proceedings

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法目的在于减轻诉累 ,提高诉讼效率 ,保证正确处理刑事案件 ,维护司法判决的统一性和严肃性 ,维护国家、集体财产利益以及被害人的合法权益。但随着法制建设的不断进步 ,民事实体和程序法律的不断完善 ,刑事附带民事诉讼制度的实践价值受到质疑。同时由于我国在立法规范和制度设计上的缺陷 ,导致附带民事诉讼缺乏独立性、救济范围过于狭窄 ,从而造成了对被害人的利益保护不足。因此 ,总结我国的立法和司法实践 ,借鉴各国立法经验 ,强化刑事案件民事赔偿救济程序的独立性 ,逐步实现刑事诉讼与民事诉讼的分立 。

The legislative purpose of the system of civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings is to lessen the pending suits,to increase litigation efficiency,to safeguard criminal cases being correctly handled,to uphold the unity and seriousness of judicial judgment,to safeguard the property interests of state and collectives,and the legal rights and interests of victims.However,with the continuous progress of the construction of legality,and the increasing perfection of civil substantives and procedural laws,the practice value of the civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings has been challenged.At the same time,the defects in the design of legislative norms and institutions of China make the collateral civil proceedings lack of independence,the remedy scope too narrow,which result in insufficient protection on the rights and interests of victims.Therefore,to summarize the legislation and judicial practice,to borrow the experience in the legislation of other countries,to strengthen the independence of civil damages remedy procedure in criminal cases,and to gradually realize the separation of criminal proceedings and civil proceedings will become the legislative trend of reconstructing civil suits collateral to criminal proceedings in China.