摘要
中、日两国缔结和平友好条约的谈判当时进行得异常艰难漫长。双方在反霸条款问题上的严重分歧使谈判陷入了长期化。导致这种对立产生的关键原因在于美国推行对苏缓和政策。缓和不仅打破了美国对中、苏关系的平衡 ,使中、美“准同盟”发生了动摇 ,而且带来了远东地区大国政治构图的变化 ,使中、美对苏联的政治对决重新返回到只有中、苏紧张对立的状态 ;缓和还使日本的对华外交路线发生了改变 ,三木内阁为了同美国保持步调一致 ,把外交坐标从田中时代的追求与中、美建立两等边三角形关系转变到与中、苏保持等距离的轨道上 。
Twenty-five years ago, in the autumn of 1978, Chinese and Japanese governments signed a joint communiqué for the establishment of diplomatic relations, a treaty of peace and friendship. The negotiations for the treaty had been extremely long and hard. Serious disagreement on the anti-hegemony clauses had prolonged the process. The key reason for antagonism was the détente policy the U.S. government adopted toward the Soviet Union. First of all, the policy bro ke the U. S. balance in relations with China and the Soviet Union and wavered the U.S.-China Para-Ally on the basis of the Shanghai Communiqué. In sharp contrast to the great progress in the U.S-Soviet relations symbolized by the Helsinki Agreement, Sino-U.S. relations almost came to a stop in the first three years after President Nixon's resignation. Secondly, the détente policy contributed to the changes of political geography on relations among the big powers in the Far-East region. The hostility between China-U.S. as one party and the Soviet Union as the other returned to the intense Sino-Soviet Union confrontation. Thirdly, the détente made Japanese government change its diplomatic policy toward China. In order to keep pace with the U.S., Migi cabinet adopted an equal-distance diplomacy towards China and the Soviet Union, which was totally different from the diplomacy of seeking equilateral triangle relations respectively with China and t he U.S in the Tanaka era. This policy to link Sino-Japanese relations with the Japanese-Soviet Union relation and put them on the equal position made up a problem on the anti-hegemony clauses. The failure of the detente policy reconfirmed the strategic value of Sino-U.S. relations. The U.S. government revised its China policy and wished that Japan would finish the negotiations with China on reaching the treaty as soon as possible. At the same time, the U.S. supported the idea of putting the anti-hegemony clause into the treaty. The revision affected Japan. The growing threat from the Soviet Union and the increasingly stable po litical situation in China were another two factors for Japan's final decision. The Soviet Union's threat made Japan realize that it would be in the same boat with China, and share the same fate. The gradual stability of China predicted huge potentials in the Chinese market, which created the initiative for Japan to break the deadlock on the anti-hegemony clauses. On the other side, the new domestic political line required China to sign the treaty at an early date with a flexible and practical attitude. There was also an increase of positive elements in the in ternational community. With Mr. Deng Xiaoping's promotion, the negotiations for the Peace and Friendship Treaty between China and Japan finally came to an end.
出处
《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第6期133-141,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
中日和平友好条约
缔约谈判
美苏缓和
等距离外交
反霸条款
the Peace and Friendship Treaty between the P. R. China and Japan
detente between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
equal distance diplomacy
anti-hegemony clause