明清商人的商业行为与商品经济的矛盾性

The Contradiction of the Commercial Actions of the Merchants in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties and the Principles of the Commodity Economy

明清商人经商或以获取生存所需的基本生活资料为满足,不逐厚利;或以义为追求的最高目标,通过商业活动建立完善的传统道德人格的经济基础;或害怕冲突,隐忍退让,不能有效地保护自己的正当利益。这些都是与商品经济的获利本性及正当利益最大化的要求相冲突的。其产生的外在因素在于明清时期的政治、经济、文化环境,内在因素在于其不逐厚利,以实现对义的最大追求。明清商人的商业行为与商品经济的矛盾性是明清商帮衰落及未能整体转化为近代商人的原因之一。

Through a detailed analysis of the merchants' commercial actions, that is , the pursuit of the ideal righteousness and justice instead of the profits, which are contradictory to the principles of the commodity economy. The external factors of it are the political, economic, cultural environments in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties. The intrinsic factors are the pursuit of the ideal righteousness and justice instead of the profits. The contradiction of the commercial actions of the merchants in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties and the principles of the commodity economy is one of the important reasons that merchants failed in the transition from traditional merchants to modern businessmen as a whole.