基于救助的社会保障体系——中国古代社会保障体系研究论纲

Relief-based Social Insuring System: a Research Outline of the Ancient Chinese Social Insuring System

尽管社会保障这一名词出现在20世纪初,但作为一种制度形态,至少在我国的西周时期就已经产生。在从西周到清前期的漫长历史进程中,形成了一套完整的社会保障体系。这个体系有着不同于西方的、极其复杂的思想基础,政府、民间、宗教、宗族、基于业缘和地缘的自保互助组织等主体参与了保障事务,多元化的举办主体承担着全面的保障项目,并有一套严格而实用的管理监督制度、保证制度或诏令的实施效果。这个基于社会救助的保障体系至今仍然具有一定的借鉴意义。

As a word, Social insurance appeared in the beginning of 20th century., while as social system, It has been come into being since XIZHOU dynasty. In the long history from XIZHOU to the beginning of QING, there was a set of complete social insurance system. The system is based on the wholly different idea from the western, which is also very complete. All kinds of organizations such as government, nongovernment, religion, clan, industryrelationbased, regionrelationbased ones took part in the issues. They were selfprotected and mutual helped each other. The diversified host undertook the insurance program, and there were effective and strict rules to assure the policy goal to be realized. This social insurancebased system is useful in the present society.