“资本主义生产与某些精神生产部门相敌对”——关于马克思一个命题的思考

The Capitalist Production Is Hostile to Some Spiritual Production Departments" ——A Consideration on One of Karl Marx' Statements

马克思所言“资本主义与某些精神生产部门相敌对”,并非仅仅指谓古希腊史诗消亡的单个事件,而是一个触及资本主义文化矛盾的深刻命题。该命题指涉包括:资本主义生产与诗歌艺术相敌对,与“按照美的规律建造”的劳动艺术相敌对,与非赢利的社会伦理精神相敌对;该命题所指涉问题的现代性和当代性,在马克斯·韦伯、丹尼尔·贝尔这两位非马克思主义学者的相关论说中可得印证。马克思把资本主义视为历史进步的一个必然阶段,而同时针砭这一进步的负面性,表现出对物质生产与精神生产相平衡进步的期盼与追求。

According to Marx, capitalism is hostile to some spiritual production. What he says is not only referred to one single incident of vanishing of ancient Greek epics, but a profound statement touching on the cultural contradictions of capitalism. This statement implies that the capitalist production is hostile to the poetic art, to the labor art that creates something according to the law of beauty, and to the non-profit social ethical spirit. The modernity and contemporaneity of these issues can be confirmed by some relevant arguments advanced by Max Weber and Daniel Bell, both of whom are non-Marxist scholars. Marx regards capitalism as an inevitable stage of historical progress, and meanwhile criticizes the negative side of such progress, expressing his expectation and pursuit of a balanced development of material production and spiritual production.