公共管理的逻辑起点论析——公共管理学基本问题研究之一

The Logic Starting - Point of Public Administration: the First Paper Concerning Fundamental Issues of Public Administration

许多学科都十分重视对本学科逻辑起点的探讨,但长期以来公共管理学却没有对此作充分的论证。本文认为,公共管理学的逻辑起点应为公共物品。作为“物品”,公共物品和私人物品一样对社会共同体是必不可少的,有一个生产、经营、管理、消费的问题;但由于具有非竞争性和非排他性,它又具备了“公共”性质,不能按照私人物品供给和管理的机制来实现,而必须由公共权力机构来统一向全体社会成员提供。“公共”和“物品”之间的内在张力正是公共管理行为产生的内在根源。“公共”和“物品”之间的矛盾也决定了“公共”与“管理”的持续冲突,而后者又构成了公共管理和公共管理学演化、发展的内在动力。

Although many disciplines pay more attention to the discussion on their logic starting - point, Public Administration has overlooked it for a long time. The core idea of this paper is that public goods should be considered as Public Administration' s logic starting - point. Like private goods, public goods are absolutely necessary for human community, and they have to be produced , operated, managed and consumed. However, public goods have the character of 'publicity' because of their non - competitiveness and non - excludability. So public goods must be supplied by public organizations. It is the internal extension of 'public' and 'goods' that results in the public administration behavior. Contradiction between the 'public' and 'goods' determines the persisting conflicts between the 'public' and 'administration' , which is the inherent dynamic of evolvement of public administration and Public Administration.