岷江上游聚落分布规律及其生态特征——以四川理县为例

DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN THE UPSTREAM MINJIANG RIVER AND THEIR ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS——A CASE STUDY OF LIXIAN COUNTY

聚落是人类生存的重要空间形式,而聚落生态系统是人类生态系统的基本功能单位。山区聚落生态系统是山区人地关系的集中反映。岷江上游既是一个多民族聚居区,又是典型的生态环境脆弱区。岷江上游特殊的地理环境和生态条件决定了聚落垂直分布的超常规性及其与自然垂直生态带的适应性。生态脆弱区聚落的发展受到耕地、能源和水资源的制约。聚落生态系统是区域生态系统的重要组成部分。聚落生态系统质量的提高既有赖于区域环境的改善,又可以为区域环境的改善创造条件。目前,由于人口的大量增加,人类活动的加剧,岷江上游聚落生态系统面临着更加严峻的生态和经济问题。要解决这些问题,除采取区域性的措施外(如停止对天然林的砍伐),还必须在聚落生态系统的水平上采取适当的对策。

Human settlement is an important space for human beings to live. Human ecosystem, as a fundamental functional unit of human ecosystem, is a reflection of human—land relationship in mountain areas. The upstream area of Minjiang River is not only the area inhabited by minority people, but also an ecologically fragile area. Having taken Lixian county as a case study for human settlements in the upstream area of Minjiang River, the authors have found an unusual characteristics of the distribution of human settlements and their ecological adaptation in the upstream area. In addition to the above characteristics the human settlements in the upstream have showed the following several ecological features; 1) the existence and development of human settlements are constrained by actual supply of energy and water resources; 2) the size of a human settlement is closely related with the quantity and quality of its farming land. Human settlement ecosystems are part of a regional ecosystem. The improvement of the quality of a human settlement ecosystem depends on the enhancement of the regional ecosystem and meanwhile will promote the improvement of the regional ecosystem.