初一年级学生内、外动机与创造性关系的实验研究

An Experimental Study on Relationship Between Intrinsic-Extrinsic Motivation and Creativity of 1-Grade Junior High School Students

内、外动机与创造性的关系是创造性研究中的一个重要问题,也是一个疑难问题.在确定了不同新颖性标准的基础上,考察了因认知需求高低不同和奖励方式不同对276名初一学生创造性的影响.发现:①认知需求对个体创造性有显著影响.②男生的创造性成绩更容易受外部奖励影响,而且过程奖励比结果奖励和无奖励方式更易提高产品的新颖性.③在结果奖励方式上存在性别差异,女生的新颖性明显优于男生.④内部动机和外部动机不存在显著的交互作用.

The relationship between intrinsic-extrinsic motivation and creativity has long been viewed as one of the important area in creativity research, and a difficult problem. This research explored the relationship between intrinsic-extrinsic motivation and creativity of 1-grade junior high school students and the effects of differing reward fashions on creativity based on the different criterion of novelty. The result showed: ① Need for cognition was an important intrinsic motivation that obviously affected creativity. High need for cognition was beneficial to creativity, but low need for cognition was harmful. ② The effects of reward on creativity performance were significant in boys and not significant in girls. The boys in process reward group were judged to be better than that of result reward and zero reward groups regarding novelty performance. ③ The difference of gender of result reward fashion was significant, and the novelty performance of girls was better than boys'. ④ The interaction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation was not significant.