阅读理解的认知研究

A Cognitive Study of Reading Comprehension

认知语言学的经验主义语义观认为 ,语义以概念为基础 ,词汇或言语的意义是说话人和听话人脑中被激活的概念 ,是客观和主观的统一 ,因此它优于趋于极端的客观主义与主观主义语义观。经验主义的语义观解释了阅读理解既包括对文本语言的理解 ,更包括对语言以外的世界知识的理解的合理性。从认知语言学的角度看 ,阅读理解是一个复杂的心理过程。在这个过程中 ,大脑里贮存的语言知识图式和世界知识图式相互作用 ,不断地对新输入的信息进行验证、分析和推断 ,直至完成对文本的解码。对阅读理解过程的认知解析 ,在于揭示阅读的心理机制和思维规律 ,以促进阅读理解教学。

The experiential approach to meaning adopted by cognitive linguistics insists that meaning is based on conception and the meaning of a word or speech is the activation of a concept in the hearer's brain. That is to say, meaning is the unity of the subjective world and the objective world. Therefore, the experiential approach to meaning is more appropriate compared with the more extreme subjectivist approach and the objectivist approach. By employing the experiential approach to meaning the article explains why the comprehension of a reading text consists of the comprehension of both its language and the world knowledge concerned. It also makes an analysis of the complex cognitive process of reading comprehension, which involves the interaction of the language schema and the world knowledge schema stored in the reader's brain to be stimulated and activated in the memory by the input from the reading text in order to interpret its meaning. By revealing the psychological mechanisms of reading comprehension, the analysis of this process aims to improve the reading comprehension ability of students.