学习方式的转变:热点冷观

Reflections on Transformation of Learning Approaches

根据学生学习的主动性和创新性程度,学习方式可分为机械接受学习、意义接受学习、发现学习、研究型学习并组成一个完整的序列。学习方式的转变受制约于教师的教育思想、教育情境、教育条件、教育内容和学生的年龄特征及个别差异。教师教育观念的更新、策略式教学水平的提高、教育评价体制和社会文化的变革是学习方式转变的根本保障。在转变学生学习方式时,必须处理好弥补劣势与保持优势、学生主体与教师主导、动手学习与动脑学习、培养能力与掌握知识等方面的关系。

Learning approaches can be divided into rote receptive, meaningful receptive, discovery and research learning on basis of students' autonomy and creativity. The transformation could be affected by teachers' educational philosophy, the situation, equipment, and content of teaching, and students' age and individual differences. It is the basic guarantee for learning approach transformation to upgrade teachers' new educational thought, strategic teaching level, educational evaluation system and social culture. The relationship between weakness offsetting and advantage keeping, students independence and teachers guiding, learning by doing and by thinking, abilities cultivating and knowledge acquisition should be taken into consideration while transforming students' learning approaches.