大虫皮考——兼论吐蕃、南诏虎崇拜及其影响

A Study of The Worship of Tiger Skin in Tibetan and NanZhao State

本文运用敦煌、新疆出土的吐蕃文书简牍以及敦煌、云南等地石窟中的壁画、雕塑和题记等,对吐蕃、南诏大虫皮制度进行了探讨。认为吐蕃在松赞干布时期创立了该项制度,给立有战功者奖授虎皮制品,并授予“大虫皮”等称号。南诏仿效吐蕃建立了自己的大虫皮制度。吐蕃、南诏、大理的虎崇拜意识实际上都与古羌戎有关,对后世藏、彝、白、纳西各族的虎崇拜有着深厚影响。

This article is trying to discussing the Tiger Skin Institute based on the textual research on ancient Tibetan manuscripts unearthed from Dunhuang and some other places in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the data collection of these inscriptions on the wall of the Mogao Grottoes and some other Buddhist Grottoes within region of Yunnan Province, including the rich contents of the murals and sculptures as a references data for the study. This article put towards a opinion that the Tiger Skin Institute was established by Srong-btsan-sgam-po during his reign period in order to rewarding to those ones who had distinguished military services in war and at the same time conferred a order of the Tiger Skin. Later, the Nanshao State had also established the Tiger Skin Institute of their own pattern after the Tibetan system of tiger skin reward. For the origin of tiger worship prevailing a-mong Tibetan and the people from the Nanshao State and The Dali kingdom could be trace back to actually the habit way of ancient Qiang tribe which had profound influence over to the later generations of Tibetan , Yi, Bai(Minjia) and Nahsi.