湖南省大学生身体素质变化趋势研究

Tendency of changes of university students' physical fitness

对湖南省1990、1995、2000年进行体质与健康监测的6899名19～22岁的大学生和常德师院1997～2000年2487名学生的5项身体素质指标测试成绩进行了动态分析。结果显示:湖南省大学生身体素质大体上呈下降趋势;各单项素质变化趋势存在差异,速度和下肢力量素质有所改善,上肢力量、柔韧性和耐力素质持续降低;上肢力量和耐力素质下降是学生总分和达标率降低的主要原因;学生、教师和学校等多方面的综合因素影响学生身体素质的水平。建议增加运动场所、设施,加强师资队伍建设,注重培养学生的体育意识,并针对学生的弱项,开出"运动处方",强化训练,促其达标。

Tests were done on five physical fitness indexes of 6 899 university students aged from 19 to 22 in 1990,1995 and 2000,and those of 2 487 students in Changde Normal Institute from 1997 to 2002. The results demonstrated the physical fitness of the students declined and there were differences in the changes of individual index. Speed and lower limb strength were better while upper limb strength,pliability and endurance were on the decline. The decline of upper limb strength and endurance were the main factors influenced the students' performances and rate of reaching athletic standards. The students' physical fitness relied on many factors such as teachers,schools and the students themselves. It is proposed that the schools should construct more sports grounds,facilities and strengthen the teachers' contingent. They need to focus more on the cultivation of the students' consciousness for sports. In view of the students' weak items,exercise prescription should be offered to reinforce their training in order to help them reach the standards.