从启蒙无神论到科学无神论的转变——论马克思主义对人本宗教观的继承与批判

Transformation From Initial Atheism to Scientific Atheism - About Marxist Inheritance of and Critique on Humanism Outlook on Religions

德国著名思想家费尔巴哈的宗教观对马克思、恩格斯的世界观和宗教观产生过巨大影响。马克思是赞成费尔巴哈人创造了宗教,而不是宗教创造了人的观点的,但马克思并没有停留在费尔巴哈的人本主义宗教观上,而仅仅是把它作为继续前进的出发点。马克思指出,不能从人的“自我意识”和“人的本质”中去寻求对宗教的解释,而应当从宗教的每一个发展阶段的现成的物质世界中,从社会上人们的生产方式中,去寻求宗教的本质,这样才会找到正确的答案。

The religious outlook of the famous German ideologist Feuerbach had greatly influenced Marx and Engles on their outlook on the world and the religions. Marx agreed with Feuerbarch's viewpoint of 'human creation of the religions instead of religion's creation of human' . However, Marx did not stick to such humanism outlook on religions. Instead, he took this outlook as the starting point of his further advancement. Marx indicated that interpretation to religions could not be sought from human 'self- consciousness or human nature ; we should seek for the essence of religions from the material world in each stage of religious development, and from people' s ways of production in the society, thus finding the correct answer.