摘要
历史是现在以前(人类社会)的客观实在及其反映。一秒钟以前的也是历史。历史的二重属性为客观实在性与可知性,前者为根本属性。历史的结局和影响可以改变和补救。历史学是研究现在以前的客观实在及其反映的一门人文科学。史学认识主体的独创性思维即能动地"反映"历史,以论带史、论从史出和史论结合都不能全面地概括历史与历史认识的关系,因而都不能说是完整的史学方法论。历史认识主体在把握住大背景的前提下进行独创性思维,是历史研究的成果尽可能符合历史真实的正确途径和方法。历史学与自然科学差异的关键不在于能否证伪,而在于研究过程中因研究对象的不同而决定的史学认识主体独创性思维的发挥特点、程度的不同。史学家应该也必须关注史学理论的相关问题,史学家应该也必须关注现实社会和人生。21世纪历史学的使命是变历史学家们的历史学为大众的历史学。
The following questions related to history are discussed: (1) What is history? History is the objective reality of human society in the past and its reflection in the mind. Something happened a second ago is also history. (2) The result and influence of history can be changed or remedied. (3) What is historiography? Study of the objective reality of human society in the past and its reflection in the mind is historiography. (4) Creative thinking of the subject of history recognition. (5) The significance of historical theory and the character of historians. (6) History and life, the function of historiography. Historians should and must pay attention to current social reality and life. The historical mission of historiography in the 21st century is to change historiography of historians into historiography of the masses.
出处
《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》
2004年第1期42-48,共7页
Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)
关键词
历史学
客观实在性
现实
独创性思维
全息考古学
史学家
人生
history
historiography
objective reality
the subject of history recognition
creative thinking
holographic historiography
historiography of the masses
