说汉语的失语患者言语表达的初步分析

A prelimiary analysis on speech expression in Chinese aphasics patients

目的:研究说汉语的失语患者在文法上的特点。方法:收集脑血管意外失语患者22例,右侧病变8例,左侧14例。进行失语评定后,根据13项文法指标,研究其失文法特点,并与14例正常人加以对比。结果:前部失语患者均表现为不能正确地组合语句,口语障碍为语句不完整,少长句及复杂句;后部失语患者能说出连串的长句和复杂句,但存在较多的错语和新语。文字表达的检查中,前部失语的患者容易颠倒主-谓和谓-宾关系;后部失语患者则容易颠倒主-宾关系,即混淆实质词的语义层的句法功能。结论:汉语失语患者对词的语义保留比对音位保留程度相对好;声调性错语与声韵错语(即音位错语)一起出现。左颞顶部受损导致语义层理解障碍,脑深部病变引起的句法结构障碍依其受损部位和范围而异。

Objective:To study the grammatical characters of Chinese aphasics.Method: 22 stroke patients, who suffered aphasia(among them 8 damages in right hemisphere, 14 left hemisphere) were studied. After aphasic evaluation, 13 agrammatic indications were applied, those would be compared with these of 14 normal peoples.Result:The anterior aphasics couldn′t construct the word orders, their oral failures were uncompleted sentences, which were lack of long and complex sentences. The posterior aphasics could construct long and complex sentences, they showed more paraphasia and word jargons.By the test of writing, the reverse of the subject norm and verb occurred very often in anterior aphasics, whereas the reverse of subjective and objective norms occurred in posterior aphasics,e.g. The syntax of the content words were confused.Conclusion:The understanding of the semantic meaning was maintained better than that of phenom meaning, tone-paraphasia and phenom paraphasia occurred together. The lesions in the left temporal and parietal lobes would contribute to the semantic understanding disorders, whereas the lesions in the deep brain could result different syntax disorders.Author′s address Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030