批评权威的合法性——兼论当代文学批评中的伪权威及其存在的问题

The Legality of Critical Authority: On the Pseudo-authority and Its Problems in the Contemporary Literary Criticism

文学批评中的权威性不仅是一个较难把握的理论问题,而且也是每一位批评者都要遇到的实际问题。从存在方式上看,文学批评的权威属于观念形态。从质上来看,至少涉及到两个因素:一是对文学作品的感受能力,一是对审美感受的反省能力;从量的方面来看,文学批评的权威指的是批评的普泛性,即它的影响范围与程度。但在实际批评中,常常会出现许多伪权威现象,其原因主要在于批评者不能理解文学批评权威中质的方面的主导地位,结果造成了批评的虚浮无力,这种情况值得警惕。

The authority of literary criticism is not only a difficult theoretical issue, but also a practical one which every critic is bound to be faced with. From the way of existence, it belongs to the category of concept pattern. From its essence, it is at least involved with two factors: one is the perception of literary works, and the other is the reflection upon the aesthetic perception. From the aspect of quantity, it refers to the popularity of criticism, i. e. , its scope and degree of influence. But in the practical criticism there often appears much pseudo-authority which is mainly due to the fact that the critic can't comprehend the leading position of the critical authority in essence. Thereby, the criticism becomes weak and meaningless. Everyone should be on guard against it.