我国高校“专业”发展的回眸与展望

The Retrospection and Prospect of the Specialty Development in Chinese Universities

高等学校是专业教育的重要场所。“专业”应成为课程的一种组织形式。我国高等学校“专业”发展经历了四个发展阶段,即萌芽期、创建期、恢复与发展期、调整与拓宽期。专业设置数量呈现出一个大致的“菱形”过程。高等学校的“专业”应该进行变革。要大力调整现有专业;增设新兴、边缘学科的专业和有国际内容的专业;拓宽专业口径,逐步淡化专业。最终走出一条具有中国特色的专业发展之路。

The university is the primary locale to carry out the education of specialties, which should serve as a form of curricular organization. The specialty development in Chinese Universities has undergone four phases : sprout period, foundation period, restoration and development period, and adjustment and expansion period. The quantities of the specialties are just like a shape of rhombus. The reformation in the specialty of our universities should be carried out, which include the following aspects: to effectively adjust the present specialty; to increase new, edge-specialties and the specialties concerning international affairs; to expand the adaptation of the specialties and to fade out the features of specialties. In a word, the reformation should be developed with the Chinese characteristics.