军事应激条件下军人心理健康特点及其相关因素

CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ITS ASSOCIATE FACTORS IN SOLDIERS UNDER MILITARY STRESS

目的研究军事应激条件下军人的心理健康特点及其影响因素 ,为开展心理健康教育和提高军事训练的效率提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 ) ,对参加军事演习的某部队 985名军人进行现场测试 ,与SCL - 90中国常模、军人常模比较各因子分的差异 ,并按军龄、兵种、职位、集体氛围、管理方式、人际交往等分组 ,进行组间比较。结果 (1)军事应激条件下除恐怖因子外 ,军人SCL - 90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均非常显著地高于全国常模(P <0 .0 1) ;除抑郁因子外 ,军人SCL - 90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均非常显著高于军人常模 (P <0 .0 1) ;(2 )军事应激条件下军人心理卫生水平表现出明显的军龄、兵种和职别特征 ,表现为 :军龄上 ,军人的心理健康水平由低到高依次是 :2年兵 ,1年兵 ,3年以上兵 ;兵种上 ,军人的心理健康水平由低到高依次是 :步兵 ,侦察兵 ,炮兵 ;职别上 ,军人的心理健康水平由低到高依次是 :士兵、士官、军官。 (3)军人的心理健康水平与集体氛围、部队管理方式、军官对军人的态度、人际交往等因素有密切关联。结论军事应激条件下军人心理卫生水平总体较差 ,并呈现明显的军龄、兵种和职别特征 ;应激军人心理问题产生的军事相关因素可能有管理方式、集体氛围、军官对军人的态度、?

Objective To investigate the characteristics of mental health and its associate factors in soldiers under military stress, so as to provide scientific basis for education of mental health and promoting the efficiency of military training. Methods The mental health of 985 soldiers was evaluated by symptom checklist(SCL-90) in a sham battle.Results (1)The total average score of SCL-90, number of positive item, and scores of all factors except phobia or depression were higher than those of national norm or miltiary norm respectively(P<0.01).(2)There were markedly different mental health levels in length of military service in the order:2 year<1 year<3year,arms of services:infantry<scout <artillery, and mititary ranks:soldiers<non-commissioned officers<officers.(3)The mental health of soldiers in military stress was associated with the collective atmosphere, attitude taken from the officers towards the soldiers, manner of administration, and interpersonal relationship. Conclusion The mental health of soldiers under military stress is rather poor in general, and is characterized by differences in the length of military service, arms of services, and military ranks. The psychlogical problems present in them may be associated with the manner of administration,collective atmosphere, attitude taken from the officers towards the soldiers, and interpersonal relationship.