雄性生殖细胞体外分化研究现状

Present Research on the Male Germ Cell Differentiation in vitro

生殖细胞的体外研究已建立了多种组织和器官培养系统、精曲小管培养系统、Sertoli细胞和生殖细胞共同培养系统等。随着对血 睾屏障和睾丸细胞极性在体外培养中重要性的逐步重视 ,已初步建立了模拟睾丸分隔结构的双室培养系统和藻酸钙三维培养系统。现有培养系统已经成为深入了解和认识精子发生过程的一种强有力工具。目前在体外已经获得某些动物精子发生的整个减数分裂过程 ,但对雄性生殖细胞体外减数分裂的详细调控机制还知之甚少。

Several culture systems such as tissue and organ culture system, seminiferous tubules culture system, co-culture systems of Sertoli cells and germ cells for male germ cell differentiation studies in vitro have been established . The importance of the blood-testis barrier and the polarity of testicular cells have been emphasized recently. And then the bicameral chambers culture system that can mimic the compartmental structure of testes and the calcium algmate culture system that can provide three-dimensional support have been primarily set up. These culture systems are powerful tools for facilitating the understanding to the spermatogenesis. The entire meiotic part of spermatogenesis in some animals has been achieved in vitro by different laboratories, but little is known about the regulation mechanism of the meiotic step of spermatogenesis in detail. This review focuses on the present studies on the differentiation of male germ cells, especially the meiotic step of the differentiation.