新疆奎屯地区地方性砷中毒致癌致突变远期作用的干预研究

Study of intervention experiment and it's long-term effects in endemic arsenism in Xinjiang

目的:探讨防治新疆奎屯地方性砷中毒干预实验前后患者砷中毒病情与癌变之间的关系。方法 :以皮肤癌变、内脏癌变、染色体畸变和微核率作为评价指标 ,对奎屯砷中毒地区改水防病干预 15年后进行致癌、致突变流行病学调查研究。 结果 :干预实验 15年来 ,77%的病区饮用水已符合卫生学要求 ,90 %以上砷中毒患者病情有了好转 ,无新发病例 ,但原有的中度和重度砷中毒患者中仍有癌症发生 ,染色体畸变率和微核率也明显高于对照人群。 结论 :砷致癌、致突变的远期效应是明显的。

Objective: To explore the relationship between the clinical states and malignancy of endemic arsenism in Kuitun area after intervention experiment. Methods: Epidemiological investigation of carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of endemic arsenism was carried out after 15 yeas of intervention. The estimate indexes of derma-cancer,viscera cancer,ratios of chromosome aberrance and micro-nuclide were adopted. Results: 77% of drinking water in prevalence area was met with the national standard for drinking water. 90% of the cases with endemic arsenism were getting better. No new case was found. But now and then,the malignancies appeared in the cases with severe and moderate conditions during intervention experiment. The ratios of chromosome aberrance and micro-nuclide in cases were significantly high than those in control population. Conclusion: Endemic arsenism could induce the chromosomal damages and present long-term mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on population at high risk.