南北朝向室内光照温度水平分布特征初探

Indoor light and temperature of south and north houses in urban area

通过对低纬高原城市——昆明12、4和8月小气候观测资料的分析,研究了城市建筑南北朝向室内的太阳光照、地表温度和气温的时空分布特征、变化规律及差异。结果表明:南北朝向房屋的光照强度、地表温度和气温存在显著的时间和季节变化;南屋冬季12月的光照最强,北屋则在夏季8月光照达到最强;12月室内各要素特征变化受房屋朝向影响十分显著,而4月和8月房屋朝向对各要素影响较小。太阳光照、地表温度和气温特征的室内的空间分布在临近窗户1～2 m小范围内变化梯度相当大,随着远离窗户,变化基本趋于一致。所得结论可为探讨建筑物的保暖、采光、空调设计等方面提供依据。

Indoor light, surface temperatures and air temperatures in April, August and December in Kunming, a city located on low latitude plateau, were investigated. The results indicate those microclimatic factors have different temporal and seasonal variations for different orientation in south and north houses. The indoor light is strongest in the south house in December, but in the north house in August. Different orientations have obvious influence on the variation of meteorological elements in December, but differences between different orientations are less in April and August. Variation grades of indoor light, surface temperatures and air temperatures are the largest within the distance of 1-2 m close to windows of south and north houses. The results can serve as a basis for research on building microclimate and urban architecture designs. It gives suggestions for similar studies in other area.