乙醇对哺乳动物受精及胚胎发育的影响

Effect of Ethanol on Fertilization and Embryo Development in Mammals

乙醇对哺乳动物的健康特别是生殖功能的危害很大。主要表现在:(1)对配子的影响:通过影响性激素的合成或直接作用于性腺干扰体内配子发生。乙醇能够体外诱导卵母细胞活化,活化后卵母细胞质膜稳定性发生改变,而影响卵母细胞受精;乙醇还能够破坏精子的结构完整性,降低精子的运动能力。(2)对受精的影响:明显抑制精子体外获能。(3)对胚胎发育的影响:高浓度的乙醇对不同发育时期的胚胎均有不同程度的抑制作用,特别是在器官发生过程中乙醇能够造成胚胎发育障碍并导致畸形。

Ethanol is detrimental to health of mammals, especially to the function of the animal reproductive system. Main aspects are (1) effect of ethanol on gamete: to interfere with the gametogenesis by disturb the hormone synthesis, or by act on the sex gland directly. Oocytes can be activated by ethanol in vitro, which could change the membrance of oocytes. As a result the oocyte could not be fertlizated. Ethanol can decrease the motility of spermatozoa and damage the structure of spermatozoa; (2) effect of ethanol on fertilization: to be proved previously that capacitation can be inhibited by ethanol and the process of fertilization can also be interrupted by ethanol; (3) effect of ethanol on embryonic development: high concentration of ethanol can suppress development of embryo in different stage, lead to embryo developmental block in organogenesis and abnormal.