黄河断流的态势、成因与科学对策

Tendency,causes and control measures on Yellow River dry-up

从70年代以来 ,黄河持续断流,且断流情势日趋严重,它不仅发生在下游而且也已在源头出现。滔滔黄河缘何断流 ?70年代以来流域引黄水量剧增、到达下游水量锐减是主因 ;输沙需水量巨大和中游工程调节能力不足居次。归根结底,断流是人类活动所致 ,是人类对黄河水土资源过度利用的结果。流域降水量的丰枯波动对断流影响不大。为了缓解黄河断流 ,必须调整产业结构 ,切实提高水资源有效利用率 ;加强水土保持,增加生态用水量,改善生态环境,减少入黄泥沙 ;流域外调水是缓解北方省区缺水的重要措施之一,但应从长计议。

Since constant dry up of the Yellow River in the 1970s,the situation has become more and more serious up to now.The dry up has happened not only in the lower reaches but also in its headwaters.The major reason accountable for this the sharp increase in the amount of water diverted from the Yellow River for consumption in the basin abrupt decrease in the amount of water arriving to the lower reaches,especially the rise of water consumption in the lower reaches since the 1970s. Second ly,soil loss in the middle reaches is absolutely serious,so the amount of water used to carrying sediment is great as well as the adjustable abilities of the projects in the middle reaches are insufficient.Fundamentally,human activities are the very cause for the dry up,a result of abuse of both water and land resources of the Yellow River basin.The normal fluctuation of precipitation has no great and direct impact on the dry up.And soil and water conservation in the upper and the middle reaches can alleviate it.In order to hold back it,we must control development of irrigated area,adjust the crop distribution,reduce water wasted,add amount of water for ecological consumption,so as to improve eco environment,and prevent sediment entering Yellow River.Although interbasin water transfer is one of the important measures to solve water shortage issue in cities of northern China,yet it should be carefully planned to give the matter further thought and discussion.