双宾语结构中的论元增容现象

Argument augmentation in the double object construction

本文集中讨论了双宾语结构中的论元增容现象,即两价动词是怎样增加了一个受惠者论元,从而得以出现在双宾语结构中.本文提出了论元增容的三个机制--句式投射、语义歧义和"词汇过滤".句式投射是一个句式整体意义"上加"到动词的过程,从而使本身不具有"转移"意义的动词可能进入双宾语结构;与格形式中存在的歧义是促使与格形式向双宾语转化的一个动因;而"词汇过滤"则对动词及其宾语提出一系列限制,是动词增容的必要条件.这三个机制充分反映了论元增容现象是句法和语义共同作用的结果.

Among the numerous issues related to the Double Object Construction (DOC hereafter), this paper focuses on the phenomenon of argument augmentation, in which the inherently two-place predicate receives a new argument to appear as three-place in the DOC form. Three mechanisms are discussed — constructional mapping, semantic ambiguity and “lexical filter”. It is argued that argument augmentation is primarily triggered by the syntactic construction of DOC itself, which has its own meaning as a whole and “superimposes” onto the verbs that originally do not convey a transfer of possession. This process of constructional mapping, together with semantic ambiguity, enables the two-place verbs to be augmented and thus to undergo the derivational alternation.