长白山主要生态系统地面藓类植物的生态位研究

A study on niche of moss species on the floor in main ecological systems in Changbai Mountains

应用王刚提出的生态位重叠值公式 ,计测了长白山主要生态系统中 4 1个样点 4 2种主要地面藓类的生态位重叠值。以此为指标 ,分别应用主坐标排序、图论聚类及系统聚类分析方法 ,作出了反映 4 2种地面藓类的种间生态关系的二维投影图、最小生成树和动态聚类图。 3种方法相结合 ,能够对生态位重叠值矩阵进行直观地表达 ,并使所表达的藓类种间关系具有确切的生态学含义。研究表明 ,按生态位重叠值大小 ,长白山主要生态系统中地面主要藓类可区分出落叶松 -沼泽藓类、高山苔原藓类和暗针叶林 -岳华林藓类 3大类。 4 2种藓类中 ,生态位宽度 ( B)与种数 ( N)符合公式 :N=38.1 985×e- 14 .62 60× B,绝大部分藓类的生态幅很窄。

The niche overlaps of 42 moss species in 41 sites in the main ecological systems in Changbai Mountains were calculated by Wang's equation.Two\|dimensional scatter plot of principal axes analysis(PAA),systematic cluster tree and the minimal spanning tree on the basis of niche overlaps were drawn,which revealed the ecological similarity of 42 moss species.The combinative application of principal axes analysis,systematic cluster analysis and minimal spanning tree method on the basis of niche overlaps could express the ecological similarities among species intuitively.The studies showed that three groups of moss species,which include Larix olgensis\| bog moss,turdra moss, Betula ermanii forest and dark conifer forest moss,could be identified based on their niche overlaps.Among 42 moss species,the relationship between niche breadth with species number was obtained.It indicates that most moss species on the floor of main ecological systems in Changbai Mountains have narrow niche breadth.