温度对竹盲走螨实验种群生长发育与繁殖的影响

Temperature Effect on Development and Reproduction of Experimental Population of Typhlodrumus bambusae (Acari:Phytoseiidae)

在 16、2 0、2 4、2 8、32、36℃的 6种恒温条件下 ,以竹裂爪螨各螨态为饲料 ,系统研究了温度对竹盲走螨实验种群生长发育、繁殖的影响。结果表明 ,36℃条件下竹盲走螨不能完成世代发育。在 16～ 32℃范围内 ,各螨态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短 ,卵至成螨的发育历期在 16、2 0、2 4、2 8、32℃ 5种恒温条件下分别为 16 0 1、10 80、5 81、5 12和 4 6 8d ;世代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为 10 4 4℃和 93 77d·℃。分别用王 -兰 -丁模型和逻辑斯谛模型拟合了温度与发育速率的关系 ,其中王 -兰 -丁模型能更好地反映出竹盲走螨在高温下发育受到抑制的现象。产卵期和雌成螨寿命随温度的升高而缩短。平均每雌产卵量在 2 4℃最高 ,为 31 2 6粒 ,32℃条件下仅为 9 2 0粒 ,每雌产卵量 (Y)与温度 (T)之间呈二次抛物线关系Y =- 171 6 94 2 +17 2 732T - 0 0 36 3T2 (R =0 96 4 8 )。用年龄等级法分析表明 16℃、32℃条件不利于竹盲走螨种群的生长发育和繁殖。

The Phytoseiidae Mite, Typhlodromus bambusae, was a dominant predator associated with the mite pests of Moso Bamboo. The effects of 6 constant temperatures (16,20,24,28,32 and 36℃) on development, oviposition and survival of T. bambusae, reared on Schizotetranychus bambusae, were studied. The eggs could not hatch at 36℃. Within the range of 16～32℃, the development time of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph shortened as temperature increased. The developmental threshold temperatures for egg, lava, protonymph, deutonymph, from egg to adult, and pre-oviposition were 10.21, 10.67, 10.94, 10.76, 10.44 and 13.36℃, respectively. The developmental effective accumulated temperatures for egg, lava, protonymph, deutonymph, from egg to adult, and female adult pre-oviposition were 36.18,12.61,21.46,21.63,93.71 and 39.43 DD, respectively. The nonlinear Wang-Nan-Ding model gave a good fit to the relationship between developmental rate and temperature. Percentage of survival was the highest (92.50%) at 20℃, and lowest (67.50%) at 32℃. Temperature affected fecundity and longevity significantly. The oviposition period was the longest (24.43d) at 20℃, whereas the shortest (5.14d) at 32℃. The eggs laid by per female ranged from 31.26 at 24℃ to 9.20 at 32℃. A nonlinear regression model could fit the relationship between eggs laid by per female (Y) and temperature (T). The equation was Y-171.694 2+17.273 2T-0.036 3T2(R=0.964 8*).