儿童对因果复句的理解

CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPOUND SENTENCE OF CAUSALITY

本研究通过两个实验考察了小学一至五年级儿童对于涉及心理方面因果关系的几种因果复合句,其中包括单义复句、歧义复句和将原歧义句加上语境线索后变成的单义复句的理解特点和发展过程.结果发现:(1)儿童对单义因果复句的理解水平呈明显的随年级而上升的发展趋势.(2)语境线索对理解句子的确切意义具有重要作用。小学高年级儿童对语境线索有较高的敏感.(3)小学各年级儿童对实验中的歧义句基本上只能作单义理解。而且在意义的选择上表现出明显的偏向性。这种偏向性也表现在对句子结构成分较复杂的单义句的理解中。

Two experiments were made to explorehow pupils of grade one to grade five under-stand three kinds of compound sentences ofcausality. They were the unambiguous sen-tence, the ambiguous sentence and the un-ambiguous sentence turned from an ambi-guous one and restricted by contextual cue.The results shows 1)understanding levelclearly goes up with the school grade; 2)con-textual cue plays an important role in under-standing the exact meaning of the sen-tence, and pupils of high grades are moresensitive to contextual cue; 3)children of allgrades generally have merely one interpreta-tion of each ambiguous sentence, and showa significant bias in meaning selection. Suchselective bias appears too in understandingunambiguous sentences with a complex struc-