中小学生语文阅读能力结构的发展特点

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE READING ABILITY STRUCTURE OF MIDDLE AND PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

本研究对小学六年级、初中三年级、高中三年级三个年龄切面的学生的阅读能力结构构成进行分析,揭示该能力结构的发统特点。结果表明,语文阅读能力结构随年龄的增长而发生变化。一方面表现为因素的数量逐步增加,另一方面表现为比较复杂、层次较高的因素在整个结构中的相对地位不断增强。研究结果进一步指出,该能力结构因素增加的实现方式不同于西方心理学界所认为的分解模式,而是表现为“接替”模式,亦即通过“基础能力因素”对活动的影响作用为新的因素所接替而实现。

This research analyzed the ability structure of reading Chinese by studentsfrom three age levels: sixth grade primary school, third grade junior highschool and third grade senior high school, revealing the characteristics of thedevelopment of this ability structure. The results showed that the ability str-ucture of Chinese reading varied with age. On the one hand, the number offactors increased progressively, on the other hand, the relative status of morecomplicated and more advanced factors strengthened continuously. From theresult it is pointed out that this differs from the decomposing pattern whichWestern psychologists have put forward, the factors of the ability structure in-crease displays a 'replacing pattern' in style, that is, the course is accompli-shed by new factors replacing original basic ability factors to influence theactivity.