马麝诸种群地理分化初步探讨

Study on Geographical Division of Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus)

马麝是我国的一种重要经济动物,是古北界特有种,主要分布在我国青藏高原及其临近地区。为保护物种多样性,本文利用分子生物学技术在分子水平探讨了马麝各地理种群之间遗传多样性问题。用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytochromeb)的DNA序列进行系统进化分析显示:马麝四川种群、甘肃种群和西藏两种群在大约100万年前具有共同祖先。四川种群最先分化出来,甘肃马麝与西藏马麝的关系最近,四川马麝与西藏马麝、甘肃马麝间的关系较远,甘肃马麝与四川马麝约在80万年前分化,而甘肃与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝间分化时间则分别为34万年和57万年前,四川马麝与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝分化时间在90万年和100万年前。结果初步表明分布于甘肃、四川和西藏的马麝种群可能为不同的亚种。

Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicusg) is an important economic animal in China. Because of being over-hunting and environmental deterioration, populations of alpine musk deer have become isolated in their distributional area. In order to protect biodiversity, this study inquired about intra-specific genetic diversity among three populations of alpine musk deer (Sichuan, Ganshu, and Xizang) by molecular biological method. 352 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were sequenced by PCR, using a pair of universal primer (L14724 and H15149), phylogenetic trees were contracted using maximum parsimony method and neighbor-joining method. The results suggested that these three populations of alpine musk deer may be different, sequence divergenece of cytb was 0.57%-2.84% among the three populations, which was within level of intraspecies. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that they shared a common ancestor 1 Mega-years ago and the Sichuan population first diverged from the common ancestor. The results also revealed that the Gansu population was close to the Xizang populations; the Gansu population diverged from the Sichuan population 0.8 Mega-years ago, and the Xizang populations diverged from Gansu population and Sichuan population 0.34 - 0.57 and 0.9 - 1 Mega-years ago. Results implied that these populations in Gansu, Sichuan and Xizang may be different subspecies.