河流生态需水计算方法评述

Comments on calculation methods for river ecological water demand

回顾了国内外生态需水研究的历史,介绍国内外河道内及河口生态需水的计算方法;将河道内生态需水计算方法分为4类———历史流量法、水力定额法、栖息地法、整体分析法;总结分析各种计算方法的特点、使用条件、存在的主要问题,指出在我国使用这些方法时应该注意的事项,以便正确使用这些计算方法.

Researches on ecological water demand at home and abroad are reviewed, and calculation methods for ecological water demand by rivers and estuaries are introduced. The calculation methods for river ecological water demand are classified into four kinds: the historical flow method, hydraulic rating method, habitat rating method, and holistic method. By analysis of the characteristics, conditions of application, and some key problems of the above methods, some issues which should be paid much attention to are pointed out from the angle of their applicability in China, so that the methods can be correctly used.