植被覆盖变化对区域气候影响的研究进展

Research Progress in the Effect of Vegetation Change on Regional Climate

陆面植被覆盖变化作为全球及区域气候变化的重要影响因素之一,在近几十年来逐渐受到科学家们的关注,特别是通过大量的数值模拟研究了不同陆面覆盖状况对大气和气候变化的影响,取得了重要进展。研究结果普遍认为,植被覆盖变化通过改变地表反照率、粗糙度和土壤湿度等地表属性,从而影响辐射平衡、水分平衡等过程,最终可以导致区域降水、环流形势及大气温度、湿度等气候变化。总结了近十年国内外的相关研究及初步成果,尤其是植被变化对中国区域气候的影响,大部分研究认为,大范围植被退化使我国地表温度升高,东亚夏季风环流减弱,降水减少,使华北干旱加剧。同时指出了研究中存在问题及今后的工作重点。

As one of the important influencing factors of global and regional climate change,vegetation variation has gradually attracted scientists in the recent decades.Many studies have been undertaken in terms of climate model to investigate the effects of various vegetation covers on climate change,and many remarkable advances in the field have been achieved.Results show that vegetation variation can influence the regional precipitation,circulation and temperature by changing the surface property,such as albedo,roughness length and soil moisture,and through radiation and moisture balance etc.This paper gives a summary of the recent researches in China and abroad,especially of the effects of vegetation change on regional climate of China.The evidence reveals that the large scale degradation of vegetation leads to the increase in surface temperature,the weakening of the east Asia monsoon,the drop of rainfall and the exacerbation of North China drought.Finally,problems in the past research and keystones in future research are also pointed out.