胡塞尔科学批判思想探析

Investigation of Husserl's Criticism of Mordern Science

胡塞尔的科学批判主要有三点:①现代实证主义科学观排除一切形而上学问题,导致了欧洲文化危机及自身意义基础的丧失;②现代科学将自然数学化,且远离生活世界,使人们误把数学化的自然当成自然本身,形成封闭的、客观主义的自然观;③结果是物理主义的客观主义成为现代科学的形而上学基础,因此导致了科学的认识论之谜,使得自然科学知识何以可能成为问题。本文认为,胡塞尔的科学批判虽具有重要启发意义,但从科学和科学哲学的角度来看,他的批评在某些方面是不恰当的:①实证主义科学观固然不是健全的科学观,但现代科学自身却不是意义、价值等形而上学的领域;②尽管数学化的自然并不是自然本身,但数学化却是现代科学最有效、最可靠的方法;③胡塞尔反对任何实在论的自然观,但这种自然观是现代科学世界观的基础。

Husserl's criticism of mordern science mainly has three points. First, the mordern positivism concept of science had contributed to the European cultural crisis, because of it's refusal of corcern about all metaphysics problems. Second, mordern science investigates Nature only through mathematical way, which make people take the mathematical nature for Nature itself. Third, its result is physicalistic objectivism was seen as the metaphysical foundation of natural science which has led to the riddle of cognition. Husserl's criticism of mordern scientific concept is very inspiring, but from the point of science and philosophy of science, his concept of science is misleading in some ways. First, though the positivism conception of science is not true, mordern science itself isn't a field of value and significance. Second, though the mathematical world isn't the real nature, mathematical way is the most important method of mordern science. Third, realism piont to which Husserl desperately object is the foundation of mordern science's world view.