迪昂-奎因论点和科学理论检验的转换

Duhem-Quine Thesis and the Shifts of Scientific Theory Test

在科学哲学中,科学理论的检验经历了从严格的单个判决性实验的检验到检验具有多层次扩展结构,比如范式或理论体系的转换,再到科学理论检验多元化的转换。在这个过程中,对迪昂-奎因论点的理解是关键。文章从科学理论的一般结构的分析开始,探讨了迪昂-奎因论点对科学理论检验重大转变的影响,概略地分析了科学哲学关于科学理论检验的历史进程。

The test problem of scientific theory in philosophy of science has shifted from the strict test of single crucial experiment to the test of multi-level extended structures such as from the exchange of paradigms or the theoretical system to the exchange of pluralization tested by scientific theory, during this process of shifting, the comprehension of Duhem-Quine thesis is the key. In this paper I analyze the general structure of scientific theory, discuss the effect of Duhem-Quine thesis to the two important shifts of scientific theory test, and give a rough analysis of the historical process of scientific theory test in philosophy of science.