我国东北地区除草剂使用及问题

Problems with Herbicide Use in Northeast China

东北地区是我国除草剂使用历史最久、用量最大的地区,经过40余年的大面积使用,相继产生了一些比较突出的问题,如土壤处理剂过多、杂草抗药性日益发展、喷液量过大、多年生杂草危害加剧以及长残留性除草剂土壤残留对后茬作物的伤害等。今后除草剂品种更新应根据东北地区气候干旱、春季少雨、土壤有机质含量高等特点,大力发展苗后茎叶处理除草剂,适应免耕、少耕及防除多年生杂草的除草剂品种;充分发挥轮作、耕作及栽培措施的除草作用以及广泛使用增效剂是降低除草剂用量的条件。

With a history of more than 40 years of widespread use, herbicides have been applied longer and in largerquantitiesin the northeast than anywhere else in China. Various problems have resulted, including over-application ofsoil-applied herbicides, the increasing occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds, overly high spray volumes, the increasingabundance of perennial weed infestations, and crop injury from herbicide carryover. In the future, as new herbicides areintroduced, they should perform well in the dry climatic conditions of the northeast, with low spring rainfall and high soilorganic matter content. More postemergence herbicides are needed , as well as herbicides controlling perennial weeds andthat work well in minimum and zero tillage systems. Herbicide rates can be reduced as crop rotation, tillage, and culturalcontrol methods are implemented along with the use of spray adjuvants.