新疆博斯腾湖水生态环境变化分析

Analysis on the Change of the Ecological Environment in the Bosten Lake Area, Xinjiang

博斯腾湖曾是我国最大的内陆淡水湖 ,也是新疆境内迄今为止最大的湖泊。 195 8年前湖泊水位持续保持在 10 4 8.0m左右 ,此时湖体东西长约 5 5km ,南北宽约 2 0～ 2 5km ,湖水水面积为 116 0km2 ,湖泊容积 84 .1×10 8m3 ,水深变化在 8～ 15m之间 ,平均水深 8.1m。博斯腾湖的原始自然生态环境已发生巨大变化 ,其湿地面积已由 95 0km2 缩减到 12 0km2 ,沼泽面积亦由 6 0 0km2 缩减至 4 0 0km2 ,矿化度则由 0 .5 5mg/L上升至 1.2mg/L ,土著鱼种濒于绝迹。通过对博斯腾湖的形成与演变及湖泊水系的原始生态环境的探讨 ,分析近 5 0a来该湖水环境的变化及其主要影响因素。

Bosten Lake was the largest inland freshwater lake in China, and is now the largest lake in Xinjiang. Before 1958, the water level of the lake was maintained about 1,048 m a.s.l., the lake was 55 km in length from the east to the west and varied in a range of 20～25 km in width from the south to the north, and it had water area of 1,160 km2, storage capacity of 8.41×109 m3, water depth of 8～15 m and 8.1 m in average. The original ecological environment in the Bosten Lake area is greatly changed, the areas of wetlands and swamplands are reduced from 950 km2 to 120 km2 and from 600 km2 to 400 km2 respectively, the mineralization of lake water is increased from 0.55 mg/L to 1.2 mg/L, and the aboriginal fishes are on the brink of extinction. All these have been extensively paid a great attention to. In this paper, the formation and evolution of Bosten Lake and the original ecological environment in the Bosten Lake area are discussed, and the change of the aqueous environment of the Bosten Lake and the influencing factors are analyzed.