辽西易旱区坡面径流资源调控及高效利用研究

Study on the Control and Efficient Utilization of Slope Rainfall-runoff in the Arid Regions of West Liaoning Province

通过对辽西易旱区坡面径流资源调控及高效利用研究 ,提出 3种坡面径流集蓄调控模式 ,并以提高雨水径流利用率 ,发展高效农业为目的 ,进行了集雨灌溉旱地玉米和发展山地大棚示范研究。结果表明 ,在春播期耕层土壤含水量为 10 .2 5 %的条件下 ,覆膜玉米每穴加水 0 .2 5L ,即可达到 80 %以上的出苗率 ,6 0m3 水窖集水可解决5 .33hm2 旱地玉米抗旱春播。生育期补灌以孕穗期效果最佳 ,增产 2 2 .1% ,补灌量以 30mm为宜。集雨灌溉发展山地大棚在配以渗灌技术的条件下 ,较传统畦灌节水 5 3.4 % ,单位水产值达 95 .92元 /m3 ,是干旱地区调整土地利用结构 ,发展高效农业的可行途径。

The area of the arid regions of Liaoning Province is 3.2×106 hm2 and occupies 22% of the total land area of the province. These arid regions are the important bases for developing agriculture and animal husbandry in Liaoning Province. However, the economic development is threatened by the shortage of water resources, the agricultural production in these regions relies on the annual precipitation of about 500 mm, the precipitation is uneven-distributed, and most of the slope rainfall-runoff is ineffectively lost or evaporated. In this paper, astudy on the control and efficient utilization of slope rainfall-runoff in the arid regions of west Liaoning Province is carried out, and three modes of rainfall-runoff catchment and control are put forward so as to increase the utilization ratio of rainfall-runoff and develop the efficient agriculture, and a demonstration study on the hilly greenhouse farming irrigated by the catched rainfall-runoff is also carried out. The results show that the rate of emergence can be up to over 80% under the soil moisture content of 10.25% in corn fields if 0.25 L water is poured into each corn planting hole covered by plastic film. Each water cellar can irrigate a corn land area of 5.33 hm2 in spring sowing period. The irrigation effects are optimal during the boot stage, the yield of corn can be increased for 22.1%, and the suitable irrigation volume is about 30 mm. The irrigation water by infiltration irrigation can be saved for 53.4% than that of the traditional border method of irrigation, and the per unit area water output value can be up to 95.92 yuan/m2, so the infiltration irrigation is a feasible way in regulating the land use structure and developing the efficient agriculture in the arid areas.