上海农耕区鸟类群落特征及与几种生境因子的关系

Features of Avian Community and Their Relationships with Habitats in Shanghai Agricultural Area

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年冬季和夏季 ,采用固定样带法在上海郊区所有区县选择了 1 7条样带 ,对农耕区鸟类做了 4次抽样调查。记录了鸟类的组成、数量、出现频率及生境因子特征。根据调查数据 ,计算鸟类密度、多样性、均匀度、优势度、生物量、相对重要值等群落特征参数。调查共记录到鸟类 76种 ,隶属 1 3目 2 6科。平均密度为 5 1 9只 /hm2 ,多样性指数为 1 874 2。优势种为麻雀、家燕、白头鹎、棕背伯劳和白。鸟类组成中水鸟 (夜鹭、白鹭等 )较多 ,占了总数的 1 / 3 ;与上海其他区域相比 ,鸟类密度较高 ,但种类相对较少 ,数量集中在少数几个物种 (麻雀、家燕、白头鹎、棕背伯劳等 )。鸟类物种丰富度与荒地面积呈显著正相关 ,与环境污染程度呈显著负相关 ,与林地面积、人口密度、水体面积等相关不显著。提示荒地对鸟类多样性非常重要。

During the winter and summer of 2000-2002,four surveys with a total of 17 transects were conducted in agricultural area of all suburb districts/counties in Shanghai City.Species compositions,numbers,occurrence frequency of birds and habitat factors were recorded.Following these surveys,density,diversity,evenness,predominance,biomass,relative important value and their relationships with habitats were analyzed.In total,76 species,which belong to 13 orders,26 families,were recorded.The average density of birds is 5.19 ind./hm 2,the Shannon-Wiener index (H′) is 1.8742.Five species are predominant species,i.e.Tree Sparrow (Passer montanu),House Swallow (Hirundo rustica),Rufous-backed Shrike (Lanius schach),White Wagtail (Motacilla alba) and Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis).25 species are waterfowl (most commonly seen are Nycticorax nyticorax and Egretta garetta).Compared with other areas of Shanghai,species density is higher,while diversity is lower.Counts of several species,such as Hirundo rustica,Pycnonotus sinensis and Passer montanus,Lanius schach,significantly outnumber that of other species.The results showed that species richness correlated positively with the area of wasteland,negatively with severity of pollution,and has no significant correlation with forest area,density of population and area of water,etc.It is concluded that wasteland is very important for keeping diversity of birds in agriculture area.