高速磁悬浮列车纵向及垂向气动力数值分析

Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Force in Longitudinal and Vertical Direction for High-speed Maglev Train

采用数值分析的方法研究高速磁悬浮列车在纵向风作用下所受气动力和力矩。利用三维粘性定常不可压缩Navier Stokes方程,k～ε两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法计算高速磁悬浮列车在不同运行速度条件下20个工况点的气动阻力,升力和俯仰力矩;分析了车下空气隙尺寸对上述气动力的影响,并与轮轨型列车的气动力特征作了比较。计算结果表明,车下空气隙的大小对列车运行的空气阻力只有微小的影响,但对气动升力的影响较大;随着车速的提高,气动阻力、升力和俯仰力矩均有较大幅度提高,不同的计算模型其提高幅度是不一样的。

The aerodynamic force and moment of high-speed magnetically levitated (maglev) train against longitudinal wind is studied by numerical analysis method. Based on the 3D, viscosity, stable and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and two-equation k-Ε turbulent model, the aerodynamic drag, lift and pitching moment of high speed maglev trains in 20 working conditions at different running speeds are calculated with finite volume method. The influence of different air clearance beneath the train body on these aerodynamic forces is analyzed and the aerodynamic features of the maglev train and the wheel/rail train compared. The calculation result shows that the influence of different air clearance beneath train body on aerodynamic drag is quite limited, but its effect on the aerodynamic lift is fairly strong. The aerodynamic drag, lift and pitching moment of the maglev train increase with the train speed. However, the magnitude of the increase varies with different calculation models.