医科大学生心理卫生状况及相关因素的调查分析

An Analysis of Mental Health Status of Medical Students and Its Related Factors

目的 :了解医学生心身健康水平及其相关因素。方法 :采用症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 ,不含“精神病因子”)、简易应对方式问卷 (CPS)、自编生活事件条目对 877名医学生进行调查 ;并对其中 2 4 0名医学生进行艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)测试。结果 :①除敌意外 ,医学生的其他七项因子均分明显高于全国青年组常模 (P <0 .0 1) ;医学生的恐怖因子均分高于中国大学生样本 ,焦虑、敌意、偏执三项因子均分低于大学生常模 ,其余无显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;其中 11.6 %的医科大学生存在中度以上的心身症状 ,较为常见的心理症状为强迫、人际敏感、抑郁等。②神经质、生活事件与SCL - 90各因子普遍有较大的正相关 ,积极应对与部分因子负相关 ,消极应对与部分因子正相关。结论 :部分医学生存在一定程度的心身症状 ,且主要与情绪不稳定性 ,应激性日常生事件 ,不恰当的应付方式等因素有关。

Objective:To evaluate mental health status of medical students and to explore its related factors.Methods:877 medical students were tested by Symptom Checklist(SCL-90),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(CPS),and the stressful events items;240 of them were tested by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ).Results:①Compared with the SCL-90 norm of youth group,medical students had higher scores ( P <0.01) in all factors except hostility;compared with samples of college students of China ,they had significantly higher scores in phobic anxiety;significantly lower scores in anxiety,hostility,and paranoid ideation.11.6% of the subjects had particular mental health problems.Common problems are obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,etc.②Neuroticism,and stressful events had positive relationship with most factors of SCL-90;positive coping had negative relationship with some factors,while negative coping had positive relations.Conclusion:Some medical students had psychosomatic symptoms in a certain degree,and the main related factors were unstability of emotion,stressful daily events,bad coping style,etc.